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Weight Loss Patent Abstract
Health management and monitoring predicated on an intermittent calorie
restricted health management paradigm is provided. In an illustrative
implementation, an intermittent calorie restricted health management
program is provided to a participating health management subject
so improve the health state of the participating subject (e.g.,
impact disease states in the health management subject) with or
without the participating subject observing weight loss. In the
context of health monitoring, in an illustrative operation, the
levels of the SIRT-1 protein are measured on the participating health
management subject. The measured SIRT-1 protein levels provide an
indication of whether the participating health management subject
is adhering to the provided intermittent calorie restricted health
management paradigm.
Weight Loss Patent Claims
1. A method for accomplishing human weight management comprising:
(a) providing a selected percentage of a total caloric intake during
a first time period T1; and (b) providing a second selected percentage
of the total caloric intake during a second time period T2.
2. A dietary process for achieving reduction of the severity and
incidence of diseases comprising any of inflammatory conditions
and neurological disorders without weight loss comprising: (a) providing
a selected percentage of a total caloric intake during a first time
period T1; and (b) providing a second selected percentage of the
total caloric intake during a second time period T2.
3. The method as recited in claim 2 further comprising providing
a value for the total caloric intake from one or more dietary guidelines.
4. The method as recited in claim 2 further comprising providing
a value for T2 being greater than or equal to a value for T1.
5. The method as recited in claim 2 further comprising repeating
steps (a) and (b).
6. The method as recited in claim 2 further comprising providing
a percentage of the total caloric intake during time period T1 such
that weight loss is not observed.
7. The method as recited in claim 6 further comprising providing
a first percentage of the total caloric intake during time period
T1 and a second percentage of the total caloric intake during time
period T2 such that the average of the first percentage and second
percentage is 100%.
8. A method for monitoring health management comprising: (a) providing
a calorie restricted health management paradigm; and (b) providing
a means for monitoring the activity and/or amount of SIRT-1 protein
as an indicator of adherence to the calorie restricted health management
paradigm.
9. The method as recited in claim 8 further comprising providing
a biochemical means for measuring the activity and/or amount of
SIRT-1 protein in a participating subject.
10. The method as recited in claim 9 further comprising providing
a biochemical test of white blood cells to measure the activity
and/or amount of SIRT-1 protein.
11. The method as recited in claim 8 further comprising adjusting
the calorie restricted health management paradigm based on the activity
and/or amount of SIRT-1 protein that is measured.
12. The method as recited in claim 8 further comprising measuring
the activity and/or amount of SIRT-1 protein as a measure of the
state of health for a participating subject.
13. A method for treating diseases using protein monitoring in
mammals comprising: (a) providing an intermittent calorie restricted
health management paradigm; and (b) providing a means for monitoring
the activity and/or amount of SIRT-1 as an indicator of the acuity
of one or more diseases in a participating subject.
14. The method as recited in claim 13 further comprising providing
a biochemical means for measuring the activity and/or amount of
SIRT-1 protein in the participating subject.
15. The method as recited in claim 14 further comprising providing
a biochemical test of white blood cells to measure the activity
and/or amount of SIRT-1 protein.
16. The method as recited in claim 13 further comprising adjusting
the treatment of one or more diseases based on the activity and/or
amount of SIRT-1 protein that is measured.
17. The method as recited in claim 13 further comprising measuring
the activity and/or amount of SIRT-1 protein as a measure of the
state of health for a participating subject.
18. The method as recited in claim 14 further comprising monitoring
the SIRT-1 protein to create a base line measurement for a participating
subject.
19. The method as recited in claim 18 further comprising monitoring
the SIRT-1 protein such that an increase in the range of 20% to
50% of the SIRT-1 protein as compared with the base line measurement
triggers one more health management decisions.
20. The method as recited in claim 19 further comprising providing
a health management decision to a participating subject comprising
any of stopping the intermittent calorie restricted health management
paradigm, adjusting the intermittent calorie restricted health management
paradigm, and maintaining the intermittent calorie restricted health
management paradigm.
21. The method as recited in claim 20 further comprising providing
an intermittent calorie restricted health management paradigm comprising
intaking within a range between 10% to 70% of a total caloric intake
for a first portion of a selected time period and intaking within
a range between 10%-100% of total caloric intake for a second portion
of the selected time period.
22. A method for treating diseases using gene monitoring in mammals
comprising: (a) providing an intermittent calorie restricted health
management paradigm; and (b) providing a means for monitoring the
activity and/or amount of PNC-1 as an indicator of the acuity of
one or more diseases in a participating subject.
23. The method as recited in claim 22 further comprising providing
a biochemical means for measuring the activity and/or amount of
PNC-1 gene in the participating subject.
24. The method as recited in claim 23 further comprising providing
a biochemical test of white blood cells to measure the activity
and/or amount of the PNC-1 gene.
25. The method as recited in claim 12 further comprising adjusting
the treatment of one or more diseases based on the presence of the
PNC-1 gene.
25. The method as recited in claim 22 further comprising measuring
the presence of the PNC-1 gene as a measure of the state of health
for a participating subject.
26. The method as recited in claim 23 further comprising monitoring
the presence of the PNC-1 gene to create a base line measurement
for a participating subject.
27. The method as recited in claim 26 further comprising monitoring
the presence of the PNC-1 gene as compared with the base line measurement
triggers one more health management decisions.
28. The method as recited in claim 27 further comprising providing
a health management decision to a participating subject comprising
any of stopping the intermittent calorie restricted health management
paradigm, adjusting the intermittent calorie restricted health management
paradigm, and maintaining the intermittent calorie restricted health
management paradigm.
29. The method as recited in claim 28 further comprising providing
an intermittent calorie restricted health management paradigm comprising
intaking within a range between 10% to 70% of a total caloric intake
for a first portion of a selected time period and intaking within
a range between 10%-100% of total caloric intake for a second portion
of the selected time period.
Weight Loss Patent Description
PRIORITY AND CROSS REFERENCE
[0001] This application claims the benefit of and priority to,
U.S. Provisional Application 60/620,004, filed on Oct. 19, 2004,
entitled, "USE OF DIETARY PROCESS FOR TREATMENT OF DISEASE
WITH AND WITHOUT WEIGHT LOSS," U.S. Provisional Application
60/691,791 filed on Jun. 17, 2005, entitled, "SIRT-1 MONITORING
AS PART OF HEALTH MANAGEMENT" and is a continuation-in-part
of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/844,535, filed on May 14,
2004, entitled, "PROCESS FOR WEIGHT CONTROL AND LONGEVITY EXTENSION
THROUGH DIETARY MANAGEMENT," which are herein incorporated
by reference in their entirety.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The invention relates to health management and monitoring,
and more particularly, to health management and monitoring as with
and without weight loss that impacts disease and that employs temporal
based caloric restrictions.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] The need to control food intake among Americans has become
more critical year after year. Estimates are that the average weight
for adults has increased 16 pounds or more in the past twenty years.
The incidence of non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus has increased
rapidly, such that projections are that 29% of children will develop
non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) within 15 years.
[0004] It is conjectured that the success of any weight reduction
diet is dependent on compliance. The factors which affect compliance
include, but are not limited to, degree of hunger sensed and psychological
factors related to the sense of despair, failure, self deprecation,
stress of the diet itself, the type of food consumed, and taste.
The psychological mechanisms of denial and rationalization are theorized
to play a major role in failure to maintain adherence to the diet.
Popular diets require considerable preparation and forethought on
a daily or more frequent basis. This can be daunting for many, and
especially over a long period of dieting. As with exercise, there
is a presumption that the enjoyment of the process greatly affects
willingness to stick with a particular diet. In addition, dieters
often encounter a lack of energy and face a constant fear that he/she
will be exposed to temptation, which only adds to a dieter's stress.
[0005] Many studies have been performed on animals since the 1930's
demonstrating a consistent increase in lifespan by the use of calorie
restriction, (CR). A wide range of species has been tested, including
protozoa, insects, rodents, monkeys and others. A consistent pattern
of effect has been demonstrated that, as a generalization, a 40%
reduction in calories leads to a 40% increase in both the average
and maximum lifespan for the species. The mechanism is fully not
known, but it is theorized that it relates to one or more adaptations
occurring early in the evolutionary process for a broad range of
species. With CR, the tested animals show consistent weight loss
and lower metabolic function over time. It is accepted that the
Sir2 gene in animals (known as SIRT-1 gene in humans) is activated
by CR.
[0006] Data from such studies suggests that CR may contribute to
extending both the average and maximum species' lifespan. Beneficial
changes in physiology measured by biochemical markers are seen in
CR animals. The humoral factors elaborated by the CR animal may
account for at least some of the effects seen, which may be the
result of the activation of possibly many different "longevity"
genes. Among some beneficial effects seen from CR studies in animals
are reduction in atherosclerosis, lower incidence of NIDDM, affecting
conditions such as Alzheimer's and multiple sclerosis, protection
against renal disease, a lower incidence of cancer and protection
of the nervous system from disease and injury. Chronic inflammatory
processes are also diminished. The data further suggests that humans
may also respond to CR like other species. Additionally, it is known
that beneficial changes occur in serum glucose and insulin levels
in response to CR in animals, and data shows that alternate day
fasting produced the same or greater lowering of insulin and glucose
than daily 60% fed mice.
[0007] Current health management and monitoring practices allow
for the modification of diet to realize desired health benefits.
For example, a low fat diet can be proscribed for subjects trying
to loose weight and reduce cholesterol. Although effective, such
exemplary low fat diet can be effective to realize those specific
desired health benefits, such diet is difficult to maintain as the
participating subject is restricted in eating as they normally would.
Additionally, the collateral health benefits of such exemplary diet
are not fully known and it is unclear whether such exemplary diet
contributes to the treatment of diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer's,
and multiple sclerosis.
[0008] Additionally, current health management monitoring is generally
focused on a single quantitative measure of whether a participating
subject is losing or maintaining weight. In some instances, health
practitioners can monitor certain biochemical levels of the subject
such as cholesterol and blood sugar as part of a particular health
management paradigm or protocol. The monitoring of such levels can
assist health practitioners to monitor the impact of as particular
health management's paradigm and/or protocol. For certain low-carbohydrate
health management paradigms and protocols, a subject's ketones can
be monitored through the use of ketone test strips to indicate to
the subject (and/or health practitioner) whether the subject's body
has entered into a ketonic state which some researchers believe
is a body state that promotes weight loss. However, current practices
do not provide an effective biochemical quantitative measure to
indicate whether health management participants are following a
calorie restricted health management paradigm or protocol.
[0009] From the foregoing it is appreciated that there exists a
need for health management and monitoring systems and methods that
overcome the limitations of existing practices.
SUMMARY
[0010] A system and method are provided for health management and
monitoring with and without weight loss. In an illustrative implementation,
health management and the treatment of disease through health management
can be realized through an application of a selected intermittent
calorie restricted paradigm. The selected intermittent calorie restricted
paradigm can have the effect of reducing the incidence of various
diseases in human subjects. In the illustrative implementation,
the intermittent calorie restricted paradigm can comprise providing
a selected percentage of a total caloric intake that is consumed
over a first time period T1 and providing a second percentage of
the total caloric intake that is consumed over a second time period
T2. The illustrative implementation further provides that time period
T2 is selected to be greater than time period T1. Furthermore, in
the exemplary implementation, the average of the caloric intake
over time periods T1 and T2 falls within a selected percentage range
of a total caloric intake.
[0011] In an illustrative operation, a participating subject can
repeatedly intake the first and second selected percentages of the
total caloric intake during the selected time periods T1 and T2
for a period of time T3 or until certain health management goals
have been achieved. Additionally, the illustrative implementation
further provides that the participating subject is able to chronicle
his/her caloric intake in a journal or other memorializing media
during time period T3 or until certain health management goals have
been achieved. In addition, improvement in significant symptoms
of a variety of diseases can be expected based on animal studies
and may serve as a guide to modify the intermittent calorie restriction
paradigm as needed.
[0012] Further, in an illustrative implementation, health monitoring
can be realized using a quantitative measure of a bio-chemical that
can result from an application of a selected intermittent calorie
restricted paradigm. In the illustrative implementation, the intermittent
calorie restricted paradigm can have the result of the production
of SIRT-1 enzymes a participating subject. Further, in the illustrative
implementation, the production of the SIRT-1 enzyme and/or a precursor
to the production of the SIRT-1 can be measured through one or more
tests as an indicator that a participating health management subject
is adhering to the intermittent calorie restricted paradigm.
[0013] In an illustrative operation, a participating health management
subject can be subjected to an intermittent calorie restricted paradigm.
In the illustrative operation, the participating health management
subject is monitored through one or more tests (e.g., biochemical
test) to ascertain the level of the SIRT-1 enzyme and/or a precursor
to the production of SIRT-1 in the participating health management
subject. Depending on the results of the test (e.g., if SIRT-1/precursor
levels reach a selected threshold), health management counselors
can add, change, or delete one or more components of intermittent
calorie restricted paradigm to meet selected health management goals.
[0014] Additionally, in the illustrative operation, a participating
health management subject can perform one or more tests to determine
the levels of the SIRT-1 enzyme and/or a precursor to the production
of SIRT-1 to determine if they are adhering according to the parameters
of the exemplary intermittent calorie restricted paradigm. Moreover,
SIRT-1/precursor levels can be monitored as part of an exemplary
process to treat disease. In an illustrative implementation, the
SIRT-1/precursor levels of participating subject can be monitored
as an indication of whether one or more diseases are being treated
and are placed in submission. In this illustrative implementation,
a correlation can be made that with increasing levels of SIRT-1/precursor
disease states be reduced.
[0015] Other features and aspects of the herein described systems
and methods are further described below.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0016] For the purpose of illustrating the invention, there is
shown in the drawings illustrative implementations of the herein
described systems and methods. It is appreciated that the herein
described systems and methods are not limited to the precise arrangements
and instrumentalities shown. The drawings are not necessarily to
scale, emphasis instead being placed on illustrating the principles
of the herein described systems and methods in which:
[0017] FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a current illustrative
health management approach;
[0018] FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing another current illustrative
health management approach;
[0019] FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an illustrative health management
system and the cooperation of its components in accordance with
the herein described systems and methods;
[0020] FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing an illustrative implementation
of a health management approach based on an intermittent calorie
restricted paradigm in accordance with the herein described systems
and methods;
[0021] FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing another illustrative implementation
of a health management approach based on an intermittent calorie
restricted paradigm in accordance with the herein described systems
and methods;
[0022] FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing illustrative health management
processing that is performed in accordance with the herein described
illustrative implementations;
[0023] FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing another illustrative health
management processing that is performed in accordance with another
herein described illustrative implementations; and
[0024] FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing illustrative health monitoring
processing that is performed in accordance with the herein described
illustrative implementations.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATIVE IMPLEMENTATION
Calorie Restricted Paradigm:
[0025] Clinical data suggests that within a selected first period
(e.g., 36 hours) of selected caloric restriction one or more biological
mechanisms that can contribute to beneficial health results in participating
subjects can be stimulated. Moreover, clinical data demonstrates
that such benefits can be realized even if such stimulation is interrupted
by a selected second period (e.g., 12 hours) of 100% full caloric
intake. With a selected intermittent calorie restricted paradigm,
physiologic effects can be set into motion during the first selected
period of low consumption which can produce health benefits and
increased longevity.
[0026] A wide range of disease conditions can be improved by adhering
to a selected intermittent calorie restricted (CR) paradigm. Clinical
observations indicate that such effects can occur in as little as
2 weeks, and continuing improvement has been observed for up to
eight months after starting the selected calorie restricted paradigm.
Exemplary diseases that are impacted by the selected intermittent
CR paradigm include, but are not limited to, asthma, rheumatoid
arthritis, various infectious processes including bacterial, fungal,
and viral infections, Alzheimer's, multiple sclerosis, insulin resistance
and non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, neurological conditions
associated with infectious and inflammatory conditions, IgE mediated
seasonal allergies, auto-immune disease (sarcoidosis), hot flashes,
calculus formations on the teeth, and chronic sinusitis as well
as familial hyperlipidemias. Clinical data also suggests that participating
subjects show improvement in neurological symptoms resulting from
inflammatory and infectious processes which also indicates that
the application of a selected intermittent CR paradigm could successfully
neurological conditions (e.g., Alzheimer's and multiple sclerosis).
Additionally, weight loss in participating subjects can also result
from the application of a selected intermittent CR paradigm as part
of a selected health management protocol.
[0027] It is conjectured and evidence has been noted in the article,
"Small molecule activators of siruins extend Saccharomyces
cerevisiae lifespan," Howitz, Konrad T., et al., Nature 425,
191-196 (11 Sep. 2003); Nature AOP, published online 24 Aug. 2003,
which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety, that
caloric restriction activates the enzyme Sir2 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
(brewer's yeast) and such activation can contribute to improved
health states in participating subjects. Similar tests have shown
that the activation of the equivalent human enzyme, SIRT-1, in cell
culture enhances cell survival in the face of stresses such as ionizing
radiation. It is further conjectured that SIRT-1 activation gives
injured cells extra time to repair themselves and survive longer.
[0028] Clinical studies have also shown that SIRT-1, a p53 deacetylase,
is strongly inhibited by the vitamin B.sub.3 precursor nicotinamide.
Such studies have shown that the increased expression of PNC1 (pyrazinamidase/nicotinamidase
1, which has been shown to encode an enzyme that deaminates nicotinamide,
can be both sufficient for longevity and health management. PNC1
has been shown to activate the production of SIR2 (the animal equivalent
of SIRT-1) and as such is conjectured to influence the production
of SIRT-1. The relationship between nicotinamide and PNC1 is described
in more detail in the article, Nature. 2003 May 8; 423(6936):125,
Anderson, Rozalyn M. et al., which is herein incorporated by reference
in its entirety.
[0029] As compared with intermittent calorie restrictive based
health management protocols, commonly practiced health management
approaches can impose significant food-type restrictions on their
participating subjects and require the intake of prescription medication
by participating subjects. For example, in some approaches, participating
subjects are relegated to eating protein rich foods foregoing foods
having significant carbohydrates. Other approaches require that
their subjects forgo all protein rich foods in favor of vegetables
and fruits. Yet another approach requires their subjects to intake
foods on a balanced basis (e.g. 6-12 servings of carbohydrates per
day, 2-4 servings of protein per day, etc.).
[0030] Also, current practices also do not provide a quantitative
biochemical measure that can be used to determine if a participating
subject is adhering to an intermittent calorie restricted paradigm
and/or is receiving the benefits of such intermittent calorie restricted
paradigm. Although certain health management paradigms (e.g., Atkins
Diet) provide for a recommended measure through the monitoring of
ketone levels, there is not currently a health management biochemical
monitoring tool for intermittent calorie restricted paradigms.
[0031] The herein described systems and methods ameliorate the
shortcomings of existing approaches by offering a health management
and monitoring systems and methods for use with intermittent calorie
restricted paradigms (i.e., intermittent calorie restricted health
management paradigms). In an illustrative implementation an intermittent
calorie restricted health management paradigm can require participating
subjects to reduce caloric intake in a given time period T1 (e.g.,
during a first day) such that the reduced caloric intake is selected
within a range from 0 to 70% of a selected total caloric intake
amount (e.g., 2000 calorie/day total caloric intake). The illustrative
implementation can further require that the participating subject
intake a second selected percentage of the selected caloric intake
amount during a second selected time period T2 (e.g., during a second
day). The reduced caloric intake during T1 over the T1, T2 time
period allows the participating subject to receive the benefits
of controlling and reducing possible disease states.
[0032] In the illustrative health management implementation, if
the participating subject ingests a percentage amount caloric intake
during selected time period T2 that when averaged with the percentage
amount caloric intake ingested during selected time period T1 is
less than 100%, (e.g., 70% during T1 and 100% during T2--averages
to 85% over T1, T2) then the participating subject can also observe
weight loss in addition to health management benefits. However,
if the participating subject ingests a percentage amount caloric
intake during selected time period T2 that when averaged with the
percentage amount caloric intake during selected time period T2
is equal to 100% (e.g., 70% during T1 and 130% during T2--averages
to 100% over T1, T2) the participating subject can observe no weight
loss in addition to health management benefits. In a preferred illustration,
T1 can comprise a time period of 30-36 hours during which 10-70%
of daily required calories (e.g., 2000 calories/day) are consumed
followed by a T2 period of 12-18 hours in which 130-190% of daily
required calories are consumed such that the total over T1 and T2
(e.g., 2 days or 48 hours) equals 200% of daily required calories.
[0033] In an illustrative implementation for health monitoring,
selected blood based assays used to measure change in the amount
or activity of a gene called SIRT-1 and/or a precursor to the production
of SIRT-1 (e.g., PNC1) can be used to monitor compliance to a selected
calorie restricted health management paradigms. Additionally, in
the illustrative implementation the exemplary blood assays can be
used to measure the therapeutic effect of the selected intermittent
CR paradigm on disease. Current research indicates that SIRT-1 activation
is hypothesized to be the first step in the largely unknown mechanism
by which intermittent calorie restriction confers increased lifespan
and delays, prevents, or improves a wide variety of diseases. Change
in SIRT-1 and/or a precursor to the production of SIRT-1 activity
or amount can be measured in the white blood cell nuclear protein.
In the illustrative implementation, it is observed that a selected
increase in the activity or amount of the SIRT-1 protein (e.g.,
30% increase within four weeks from the start of the selected calorie
restricted health management paradigm) and/or in the activity or
amount (e.g., 30% increase within four weeks from the start of the
selected calorie restricted health management paradigm) of a precursor
to the production of the SIRT-1 protein (e.g., PNC1 gene) indicates
compliance with a selected intermittent calorie restricted health
management paradigm. It is appreciated that the term activity could
mean activity in the production of the SIRT-1 protein and/or its
precursors (e.g., PNC1 gene). In an illustrative operation, white
blood cells can isolated from a blood sample drawn prior to starting
the diet and at appropriate intervals while following the diet for
use in measure in the SIRT-1 protein and/or a precursor to the production
of SIRT-1.
[0034] In the illustrative implementation, the techniques used
to measure increased SIRT-1/precursor activity or amount in DNA
can result from various sources. For example, a SIRT-1 can be measure
using nuclear materials that are monitored in a subject's organs.
This method can be premised on the action on Bax to interrupt apoptosis
when SIRT-1 is activated. Moreover, in the illustrative implementation,
extensive animal studies show that diseases which are common to
both other mammals and humans have responded to the effect of intermittent
calorie restriction by preventing such diseases or delaying their
onset or improving the severity of the disease. Specifically, in
humans, it has been observed that the application of a selected
intermittent calorie restricted health management paradigm can improve
health issues including asthma, autoimmune disorders (rheumatoid
arthritis), osteoarthritis, insulin resistance, inflammatory neurological
disorders, hot flashes, calculus formation on the teeth, chronic
sinusitis, seasonal allergies, and infectious diseases of viral,
bacterial and fungal origin. Based on animal research, causes of
disease in animals, for which there are corresponding diseases in
humans, are amenable to treatment using a selected calorie restricted
health management paradigm. As such SIRT-1 testing can be implemented
as an exemplary means of monitoring the effectiveness of the selected
intermittent calorie restricted health management paradigm.
Previous Health Management Approaches:
[0035] FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a prior art health management
approach. The health management approach is based on the United
States Department of Agriculture's "Food Guide Pyramid"
100. Food Guide Pyramid (FGP) 100 provides an outline of what to
eat each day. As is shown in FIG. 1, FGP 100 comprises several food
type groups 105, 110, 115, 120, 125, and 130, each group providing
a recommended daily serving amount. Food type group 105 comprises
breads, cereals, and pasta groups having a recommended serving amount
of 6-11 servings per day. Vegetable food group 110 recommends 3-5
servings of vegetables per day. Fruit group 115 recommends 2-4 servings
of fruits per day. Food group 120 comprises meat, poultry, fish,
dry beans and nuts having a recommended serving amount of 2-3 servings
per day. Food group 125 comprises milk, yogurt and cheese having
a recommended serving amount of 2-3 servings per day. Lastly, FGP
100 comprises food group 130 standing atop of FGP 100 which comprises
fats, oils, and sweets. FGP 100 suggests that the foods found in
food group 130 be eaten sparingly on a daily basis.
[0036] In practice, the foods found in FGP 100 are consumed according
to the recommended serving amounts. The exact serving amounts and
types of food within each food group varies according to the age,
height, and weight of the participating health management subject.
Moreover, FGP 100 is put into practice from day to day, week to
week, month to month, year to year, or until certain health management
goals and milestones have been achieved.
[0037] Although FGP 100 is not a rigid prescription, it provides
health management principals which, if followed, is purported to
help participating subjects to achieve their desired health management
goals It is appreciated, however, that although extremely flexible
in the amount and type of foods participating health management
subjects can intake, that such prior art health management approach
may be ineffective in triggering the above-described benefits derived
from calorie reduced health management approaches.
[0038] FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of a second prior art health
management approach. As is shown, prior art health management approach
200 provides four recommended food intake triangles 205, 210, 215,
and 220 that recommend the food types to be consumed for a particular
meal or over a given day. The food types in food intake triangles
205, 210, 215, and 200, respectively, generally comprise high fat
proteins, and carbohydrates in varying proportions. Specifically,
food intake triangle 205 recommends the intake of high fat proteins
exclusively. Comparatively, food intake triangle 210 recommends
the intake of mostly high fats proteins (almost every serving) with
very limited carbohydrate intake. Food intake triangle 215 is similar
to food intake triangle 210, however recommending a slightly larger
portion of carbohydrate intake (i.e. high fat proteins for most
food intake servings). Lastly, food intake 220 triangle shows that
carbohydrates account for a growing percentage of the total food
intake.
[0039] In practice, health management approach 200 recommends that
the participating health management subject intake a particular
food intake triangle with its prescribed food type percentages for
varying periods of time. For example, as is shown in the bottom
of FIG. 2, health management approach 200 recommends that food intake
triangle 205 be consumed for the first two weeks of the health management
approach 200 program. After the first two weeks, participating health
management participants are asked to consume the foods in the proportions
prescribed by food intake triangle 210 for the next period of time
(e.g. week 3 and week 4). For the next time period (e.g. week 5
and week 6), health management approach 200 suggests that participating
users consume food in the proportions prescribed by food intake
triangle 215. Lastly, the participating user is directed to consume
food in the proportions prescribed by food triangle 220 for the
remainder of the health management approach 200 program time.
[0040] Commercial implementations of these health management approaches
include but are not limited to the ATKINS DIET and the SOUTH BEACH
DIET. Such health management approaches have been chronicled as
effective in assisting participants to lose and/or maintain weight.
It is appreciated, however, that health management approach 200
places significant food-type restrictions on participating subjects
which does not promote long term compliance and does not trigger
the above-described benefits realized from calorie restriction.
Calorie Restricted Health Management Paradigm:
[0041] FIG. 3 shows the components of an exemplary calorie restricted
(CR) health management environment 300 premised on intermittent
calorie restricted feeding. As is shown, CR health management environment
300 comprises a health management participant being in a first health
state 305 (e.g., weight state) and the health management participant
having a second health state 310 after practicing intermittent CR
health management paradigm 315. First health state 305 shows the
health management participant as being portly, wherein second weight
health 310 shows the health management participant having a more
healthy body shape.
[0042] Furthermore, as is shown in FIG. 3, intermittent CR health
management paradigm 315 comprises rules 320, calendar 325, journal
330, food 335, and support 340. In operation, rules 320 provide
the health management participant instructions for using the calendar
325, journal 330, and for the intake of food 335. Additionally,
rules 320 provide the health management participant with guidance
of how to use and rely on support 340.
[0043] In an illustrative implementation, rules 320 may provide
the participating health management user with instructions on how
to consume food 335 according to selected calendar 325 and when
to record the consumption of food 335 in journal 330. In this illustrative
implementation, rules 320 can also provide guidance to the health
management participant regarding how to employ support so as to
adhere to the consumption and time rules. Support 340 may include
but is not limited to, food supplements (or replacements), psychological
counseling, health counseling, and food consumption protocols.
[0044] FIG. 4 shows the application of an exemplary intermittent
CR health management paradigm 315. As is shown, intermittent calorie
restricted health management paradigm application 400 comprises
intake time intervals T1 ("Up" time period) and T2 ("Down"
timer period). Additionally, intermittent calorie restricted health
management paradigm application 400 further comprises food journal
415, first selected percentage of a total caloric intake and serving
amounts 405 for consumption during time period T1, and a second
selected percent of a total caloric intake and serving amount 410
for consumption during time period T2. Furthermore, as is shown
in FIG. 4, intermittent calorie restricted health management application
400 maintains several modes (portions). The portions described include
adaptation time period, weight loss time period, and weight maintenance
time period.
[0045] In operation, if the health management participant (not
shown) is engaged in a first selected health corrective interval
(i.e., a time period selected to achieve first selected health management
goals (not shown)), intermittent calorie restricted health management
paradigm application 400 directs the health management participant
(not shown) to consume the first selected percentage of the total
caloric intake and servings 405 during time period T1 and the second
selected percentage of the total caloric intake 410 during time
period T2. As is further shown, such pattern is repeated by the
health management participant (not shown) until the one or more
health management goals and milestones have been reached (as indicated
by the ellipses). During the selected heath corrective time period,
however, calorie restricted health management paradigm application
400 directs the participant (not shown) to chronicle their food
intake in journal 415 during each time period T1 during the duration
of the health corrective time period.
[0046] Comparatively, during a second selected interval (i.e.,
a time period selected to achieve second selected health management
goals (not shown)), as is shown in FIG. 4, health management paradigm
application 400 directs the health management participant (not shown)
to consume first selected percentage of the total caloric intake
405 during time period T1 and second selected percentage of the
total caloric intake 410 during time period T2, and to repeat such
practice for a selected number of times in a given time period T'.
Furthermore, as is shown, for those time periods T1 and T2 in the
second selected interval T' when not practicing the intermittent
calorie restricted health management paradigm, the participant (not
shown) is directed to consume first selected percentage of the total
caloric intake 405. As such, the participant (not shown) is consuming
the first selected percentage of the total caloric intake more frequently.
Additionally, similar to the practice of the first selected interval
and as is shown, intermittent calorie restricted health management
paradigm application 400 prescribes that the participant (not shown)
chronicle the food intake in journal 415.
[0047] It is appreciated that although the intermittent calorie
restricted health management paradigm can operate such that participating
subjects (not shown) can observe weight loss as a collateral benefit
of the intermittent CR health management paradigm when the average
of the caloric intake over time period T' is less than 100% (e.g.,
100% during T1 and 70% during T2). It is further appreciated that
participating subjects can also observe health benefits without
weight loss when the average of the caloric intake over time period
T' equals 100% (e.g., 130% during T1 and 70% during T2). It is further
appreciated that the health benefits can be realized with or without
weight loss such that during a selected period within T' the participating
subject ingests a selected percentage of a total caloric intake
having a range of 0-70%.
[0048] FIG. 5 shows another illustrative application of intermittent
CR health management paradigm 315. As is shown, health management
paradigm application 500 comprises intake time intervals T1 ("Up"
time period) and T2 ("Down" time period). Additionally,
health management paradigm application 500 further health management
journal 515, first selected percentage of a total caloric intake
and serving amounts 505 for consumption during time period T1, and
a liquid supplement 510 having a second selected percent of a total
caloric intake and serving amount for consumption during time period
T2. Furthermore, as is shown in FIG. 5, health management application
500 maintains several modes (portions). The portions described include
first selected interval and second selected interval.
[0049] In operation, if the health management participant is engaged
in the first selected interval, intermittent CR health management
paradigm application 500 directs the health management participant
(not shown) to consume the first selected percentage of the total
caloric intake and servings 505 during time period T1 and the liquid
supplement 510 having a second selected percentage of the total
caloric intake during time period T2. As is further shown, such
pattern is repeated by the participant (not shown) until the first
selected interval has expired or until one or more health management
goals and milestones have been reached (as indicated by the ellipses).
During a portion of the first selected interval, intermittent CR
health management paradigm application 500 directs the participant
(not shown) to chronicle their food intake in journal 515 during
each time period T1 of the portion of the first selected interval.
[0050] Comparatively, during the second selected interval, as is
shown, health management paradigm application 500 directs the health
management participant (not shown) to consume first selected percentage
of the total caloric intake 505 during time period T1 and liquid
supplement 510 having a second selected percentage of the total
caloric intake during time period T2, and to repeat such practice
for a selected number of times in second selected interval T'. Furthermore,
as is shown, for those time periods T1 and T2 in the weight maintenance
in second selected interval T' when not practicing the intermittent
CR health management paradigm, the participant (not shown) is directed
to consume first selected percentage of the total caloric intake
505. As such, the participant (not shown) is consuming the first
selected percentage of the total caloric intake more frequently.
Additionally, similar to the directions provided by the intermittent
CR health management paradigm during the first selected interval
and, as is shown, intermittent CR health management paradigm application
500 prescribes that the participant (not shown) chronicle the food
intake in health management journal 515.
[0051] It is appreciated that the value for the total caloric intake
as provided in FIGS. 4 and 5 may be obtained from conventional dietary
guidelines including published guidelines from the United States
Department of Agriculture. These guidelines prescribe the total
amount of calories to consume in a given day. In the implementation
provided, the inventive concepts described herein contemplate the
selection of values for the first and selected percentages of the
total caloric to be such that the average of the first and second
selected percentages fall within a define percentage range. For
example, in the implementation provided, the first selected percentage
may be selected to have a value of 100% of a recommend daily caloric
intake, wherein the second selected percentage can be a range of
10-70% of a recommended daily total caloric intake. Accordingly,
the average percentage of caloric intake over the provided time
periods T1 and T2 would fall within the range of 55-85%. Also, the
values selected for time periods T1 and T2 are such that T2 is greater
than T1. In an illustrative implementation, T1 may be a period of
18 hours, wherein T2 is a period of 30 hours. Lastly, when engaged
in selected health management mode (e.g., weight maintenance), participant
can be directed to perform a select number of fasts over a selected
time period. In an illustrative implementation, to maintain the
selected health management mode of weight maintenance, the participant
can be directed to perform 2 "down" modified fast days
(e.g. 60 hours) in a given week.
[0052] It is further appreciated that although the inventive concepts
in FIGS. 4 and 5 have been described, by way of example, of having
particular values that such values are merely exemplary since the
inventive concepts described herein may apply to selected percentages
having various values and ranges. Furthermore, it appreciated that
although the intermittent restricted calorie health management paradigm
is described with an illustrative implementation for health maintenance
in the context of weight management that such description is merely
illustrative as the inventive concepts described herein can apply
to various health management goals.
[0053] FIG. 6 shows the acts performed when applying intermittent
calorie restricted health management paradigm 315. As is shown,
health management paradigm 315 begins at block 600 and proceeds
to block 605 where a check is performed to determine if the health
management participant is engaged in a first selected health management
portion (e.g., engaged in efforts to realize first selected health
management goals--i.e., adaptation to a weight management protocol)
of the intermittent calorie restricted health management paradigm.
If the health management participant is engaged in the first selected
health management portion of the intermittent calorie restricted
health management paradigm, the paradigm proceeds to block 610 where
a check is performed to determine if the health management paradigm
in within the selected time period T1. If the check at block 610
indicates that it is time period T1, the paradigm proceeds to block
615 where the participant is directed to consume a selected percentage
of a total caloric intake. The paradigm then directs the participant
to chronicle the caloric intake of block 615 at block 620. From
there the health management paradigm processing reverts to block
600 and continues onward.
[0054] If, however, the check at block 610 indicates that the paradigm
is not within the selected time period T1, it is presumed that the
paradigm is within the selected time period T2 (not shown) and the
participant is directed to intake a second selected percentage of
the total caloric intake over time period T2. From there, the paradigm
reverts to block 600 and continues onward.
[0055] In the instance, however, it is determined that at block
605, the health management participant is not engaged in the first
selected health management portion of the intermittent calorie restricted
health management paradigm, the paradigm proceeds to block 630 where
a check is performed to determine if the health management participant
is engaged in a second selected health management portion (e.g.,
weight loss portion) of the intermittent calorie restricted health
management paradigm. If the check at block 630 indicates that the
participant is engaged in the second selected health management
portion, the paradigm reverts to block 610 and continues from there.
[0056] However, if at block 630, it is determined that health management
participant is not engaged in the second selected health management
portion of the health management paradigm, the paradigm proceeds
to block 635 where a check is performed to determine if the health
management participant is engaged in a third selected health management
portion (e.g., weight maintenance) of the health management paradigm.
If the check at block 635 indicates that the health management participant
is not engaged in the third selected health management portion of
the health management paradigm, the paradigm reverts to block 600
and continues there from.
[0057] In the instance, however, it is determined that the health
management participant is not engaged in the third selected health
management portion of the intermittent calorie restricted health
management paradigm, the paradigm proceeds to block 640 where a
check is performed to determine if the health management participant
has already performed the recommended fasting periods for a selected
period of time T'. If the check at block 640 is true, processing
reverts back to the input of block 640 and continues there from.
However, if the check at block 640 returns a false result, that
is, the health management participant has not performed the recommended
"low intake" periods for the selected period of time T',
the intermittent calorie restricted health management paradigm proceeds
to block 645 where a check is performed to ascertain if the health
management paradigm is within the selected period of time T1. If
the check at block 645 indicates that the health management paradigm
is within the selected period of time T1, the paradigm proceeds
to block 650 where the paradigm directs the health management participant
to consume a first selected percentage of a total caloric intake.
From there, the paradigm directs the participant to chronicle the
caloric intake at block 655. The paradigm then reverts to block
640 and continues from there.
[0058] However, if at block 645 it is determined that the paradigm
is not within the selected time period T1, it is presumed that the
paradigm is within the selected time period T2 (not shown) and the
participant is directed to intake a second selected percentage of
the total caloric intake over time period T2. From there, the paradigm
reverts to block 640 and continues there from.
[0059] It is appreciated that although illustrative intermittent
calorie restricted health management paradigm is shown to have a
first, second, and third selected health management portions that
such description is merely illustrative as the inventive concepts
described herein can apply to intermittent calorie restricted health
management paradigms having various portions for use in achieving
a variety of health management goals (e.g., impact disease) other
than weight management.
[0060] FIG. 7 shows the acts performed in an alternate implementation
when applying intermittent calorie restricted health management
paradigm 315. As is shown, intermittent calorie restricted health
management paradigm 315 begins at block 700 and proceeds to block
705 where a check is performed to determine if the health management
participant is engaged in the first selected health management portion
(e.g., adaptation) of the intermittent calorie restricted health
management paradigm. If the health management participant is engaged
in the first selected health management portion of the intermittent
calorie restricted health management paradigm, the paradigm proceeds
to block 710 where a check is performed to determine if the health
management paradigm in within the selected time period T1. If the
check at block 710 indicates that it is time period T1, the paradigm
proceeds to block 715 where the participant is directed to consume
a selected percentage of a total caloric intake. The paradigm then
directs the participant to chronicle the caloric intake of block
715 at block 720. From there the health management paradigm processing
reverts to block 700 and continues onward.
[0061] If, however, the check at block 710 indicates that the paradigm
is not within the selected time period T1, it is presumed that the
paradigm is within the selected time period T2 (not shown) and the
participant is directed to intake a supplement having a second selected
percentage of the total caloric intake over time period T2. From
there, the paradigm reverts to block 700 and continues onward.
[0062] In the instance, however, it is determined that at block
705, the health management participant is not engaged in first selected
portion of the intermittent CR health management paradigm (e.g.,
adaptation portion of a weight management paradigm), the paradigm
proceeds to block 730 where a check is performed to determine if
the health management participant is engaged in second selected
portion of the intermittent CR health management paradigm (e.g.,
weight loss portion of a weight management paradigm). If the check
at block 730 indicates that the participant is engaged in the second
selected portion of the paradigm, the paradigm reverts to block
710 and continues from there.
[0063] However, if at block 730, it is determined that health management
participant is not engaged in the second selected portion of the
intermittent CR health management paradigm, the paradigm proceeds
to block 735 where a check is performed to determine if the health
management participant is engaged in the third selected portion
of the intermittent CR health management paradigm. If the check
at block 735 indicates that the health management participant is
not engaged in the third selected portion of the intermittent CR
health management paradigm, the paradigm reverts to block 700 and
continues there from.
[0064] In the instance, however, it is determined that the health
management participant is not engaged in the third selected portion
of the intermittent CR health management paradigm, the paradigm
proceeds to block 740 where a check is performed to determine if
the health management participant has already performed the recommended
"low intake" periods for a selected period of time T'.
If the check at block 740 is true, processing reverts back to the
input of block 740 and continues there from. However, if the check
at block 740 returns a false result, that is, the health management
participant has not performed the recommended fasting periods for
the selected period of time T', the health management paradigm proceeds
to block 745 where a check is performed to ascertain if the health
management paradigm is within the selected period of time T1. If
the check at block 745 indicates that the health management paradigm
is within the selected period of time T1, the paradigm proceeds
to block 750 where the paradigm directs the health management participant
to consume a first selected percentage of a total caloric intake.
From there, the paradigm directs the participant to chronicle the
caloric intake at block 755. The paradigm then reverts to block
740 and continues from there.
[0065] However, if at block 745 it is determined that the paradigm
is not within the selected time period T1, it is presumed that the
paradigm is within the selected time period T2 (not shown) and the
participant is directed to intake a supplement having a second selected
percentage of the total caloric intake over time period T2. From
there, the paradigm reverts to block 740 and continues there from.
[0066] It is appreciated that although illustrative intermittent
calorie restricted health management paradigm is shown to have a
first, second, and third selected health management portions that
such description is merely illustrative as the inventive concepts
described herein can apply to intermittent calorie restricted health
management paradigms having various portions for use in achieving
a variety of health management goals (e.g., impact disease) other
than weight management.
[0067] FIG. 8 shows the processing performed when performing monitoring
of an exemplary intermittent CR restricted health management paradigm
that can be used in health management and/or as part of a disease
treatment paradigm for one or more selected diseases and/or health
conditions (e.g., leukemia, MS, and Parkinson's disease). As is
shown, processing begins at block 800 and then proceeds to block
810 where a check is performed to determine if health monitoring
is to be performed. If the check at block 810 indicates that health
monitoring is not to occur, processing reverts back to block 800
and proceeds from there.
[0068] However, if the check at block 810 indicates that health
monitoring is to be performed, processing proceeds to block 820
where the SIRT-1 protein levels and/or a precursor to the production
of SIRT-1 are measured. From there, processing proceeds to block
830 where a check is performed to determine whether the SIRT-1 protein
and/or precursor are within a selected range. In an illustrative
implementation, if a participating subject's SIRT-1 and/or precursor
levels show an increase of 40% or more as compared to a baseline
test when the participating subject is not being subjected to the
health management paradigm, it can be concluded that the health
management paradigm is having a beneficial effect on the participating
subject. Participating subjects are then informed of the results
at block 840. The SIRT-1 and/or precursor measurement is then processed
along with other paradigm parameters at block 850. Additionally,
the impact on a participating subject's health is determined at
block 850.
[0069] A check is then performed at block 860 to determine if the
participating subject is to continue with the intermittent calorie
restricted health management paradigm. If the check at block 860
indicates that the participating subject should not continue with
the selected intermittent calorie restricted health management paradigm,
processing terminates at block 880. However, if at block 860 it
is determined that the participating subject is to continue with
the selected intermittent calorie restricted health management paradigm,
processing proceeds to block 870 where the intermittent calorie
restricted health management paradigm is continued. From there processing
reverts to block 810 and proceeds from there.
[0070] However, if the check at block 830 indicates that the measured
SIRT-1 protein and/or precursor level is not within a selected range,
processing proceeds to block 845 where a flag is set to follow up
on the protein measurement. From there processing proceeds to block
840 and proceeds from there.
Health Benefits Related to Following an Intermittent Calorie Restricted
Health Management Paradigm
[0071] Beyond health management in humans, the process described
herein is believed to offer other health benefits. As mentioned
above, animal studies suggest that CR may contribute to extending
the subject's lifespan by triggering one or more genetic markers
that are believed to have a direct effect on longevity. The CR program
described above is also believed to provide beneficial health effects
by modifying the body's reaction to stimuli that cause certain diseases
and chronic conditions. These include arthritis (both osteoarthritis
and rheumatoid arthritis), bursitis, asthma and bronchitis, allergies,
and other inflammatory conditions. Following the CR process of the
invention also yields a marked reduction in insulin resistance,
which can ameliorate or avoid non-insulin dependant diabetes (NIDDM).
The process also can reduce the complications of insulin and non-insulin
dependent diabetes, including neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy,
angiopathy and associated large vessel atherosclerosis.
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